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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. R. PEUHINEY. A

APPARATUS FOR MAKING GHLORINB.

No. 403,445. PatentedMay 14, 1889.

| z I Q I! 6 B 2 T (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. 4. R. PBOHINEY.APPARATUS FOR MAKING OHLORINE.

No. 403,445. Patented May 14, 1889.

fm/mzor". SEYW I @AIITIE Z 4A PW @9? m/ f/A a/ 5 44 m gmmwr Z4443? (NoModel.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A. R. PEOHINEY.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING OHLORINE.

No. 403,445. Patented May 14, 1889.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED RAXGOD PECIIINEY, OF SALINDRES, GARD, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO THE\VEITDONS CIILORINE PROCESSES COMPANY, (LIMITED,) OF

\VESTMINST ER, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING CHLORINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 403,445, dated May 14,1889. Application filed May 21, 1888. Serial No. 274,580. (No model.)Patented in England August 1, 1885, No. 9,225-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that'I, ALFRED RANooD PE- CHINEY, a citizen of the Republicof France, residing at Salindres, (Gard,) in the Republic of France,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forMaking Chlorine out of Contact with the Products of the Combustion ofthe Fuel Employed, (for which I have received Letters Patent in GreatBritain, No. 9,225, dated August 1, 1885,) of which the following is aspecification.

In an application filedthe 10th day of May,

1886, Serial X0. 203,336, I described an apparatus for heating solidsubstances out of con tact with the products of combustion of the fuelemployed.

The apparatus which constitutes the present invention differs from theparticular form of apparatus described in the specification of thatapplication, especially in two particulars. Both in the former apparatusand in the apparatus which constitutes the present invention the furnaceproper consists of a series of working-chambers but whereas in theformer apparatus the working-chambers are so arranged and disposed thatthe products of combustion employed to heat them traverse successivelyevery chamber of the series, either entering at the top of the firstchamber, passing from the bottom of the first chamber into the lowerpart of the second chamber, then passing from the top of the secondchamber into the upper part of the third chamber, and so on,.or enteringat the bottom of the first chamber, passing from the top of the firstchamber into the upper part of the second chamber, then passing from thebottom of the second chamber into the lower part of the third chamber,and so on successively, in the apparatus which constitutes the presentinvention the products of combustion employed to heat itsworking-chambers do not pass from one of those chambers to another ofthem, entering one of them by its lower or upper extremity and the nextby its upper or lower extremity, and so on successively, but all theworking-chambers communicate by the same extremity of each of them witha common combustion-chamber, and products of comb ustion enter each ofthe working-chambers directly from the combustion-chamber, entering allthe working-chambers either at the upper extremity of each of them or atthe lower extremity of each of them, and the products of combustionwhich have traversed one working-chamber not passing on to anotherworking-chamber, but passing directly from the one working-chamber whichthey have traversed into other apparatus, as will be hereinafterexplained. Secondly, whereas the former apparatus included two fixedregenerators, in the apparatus which constitutes the present inventionthere is substituted for those two. fixed regenerators a movable burner,which is preferably, though not necessarily, a regenerator also.

The accompanying three sheets of drawings represent the apparatus whichconstitutes the present invention when that apparatus is so disposedthat the products of combustion employed to heat its working-chambersenter those chambers at the upper extremity of each of them. They showan apparatus having four working-chambers. It will be well understood,however, that the number of working-chambers per apparatus may be moreor less than four, and also that the products of combustion employed toheat its Working-chambers may enter each of those chambers at its lowerextremityinstead of at its upper extremity, as in the apparatus shown inthe drawings.

Vhile applicable to many other purposes also, the apparatus whichconstitutes the present invention is especially useful for decomposingsolid chemical compounds by heating them in a current either of air orof any gas or gases, or of steam or other vapor, or of any mixture of agas or gases with a Vapor or vapors. In the following description itwill be supposed that the apparatus is employed for heating magnesiumoxychloride in a current of air.

The apparatus is illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the furnace proper and movableregenerative burner. Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section of the furironplates and securely armatured.

nace proper and movable regenerative burner. The upper part of thissection is taken along the line C D, Fig. 1, and the lower part of italong the line E F, Fig. 1. Both in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 2 the movableregenerative burner is shown in the position in relation to the furnaceproper which it occupies during the operation of heating up theworking-chambers of the latter. Fig. 3 shows a vertical section of thefurnace proper,.taken at right angles to the section shown in Fig. 1.Fig. 4 is a horizontal section along the line G H, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 isavertical section of the furnace proper after its working-chambers havebeen heated up, the movable regenerative burner removed, and theworking-chambers of the furnace proper charged with the solid materialwhich is to be treated in them. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section takenalong the line I J, Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the movableregenerative burner, taken along the broken line K L, Fig. l.

The same letters refer to the same parts of the apparatus in allthefigures.

In the following description it will be supposed that thechlorine-yielding body which is heated in a current of air isoxychloride of magneslum.

A A A A are four narrow working-chambers having very thick walls. Theupper eX- tremity of each chamber A opens into the combustion-chamber B.The lower extremity of each chamber A communicates with one of the fourhorizontal channels a a a a.

D, Figs. 1 and 7, is the movable regenerative burner. It consists of asystem of cast-iron pipes contained in an envelope of masonry, whichenvelope of masonry is incased with The cast-iron pipes are ofrectangular section, and each of them is divided by two verticalpartitions into three compartments, 7 0 u. The central compartments, 0 00, &c., convey gaseous fuel into the combustion-chamber B, and

the side compartments, 1; and u, convey'air into the combustion-chamber.

The gaseous fuel is supplied by the main pipe, upon which is the valveN, Fig. 2, from which main pipe it passes by the pipes Vand C, Fig. 2,into the flue-c, Figs. 1 and 7, from which flue c it enters thecompartments 0 0 0 by apertures at the bottom of those compartments.Having reached the upper extremity of the compartments 0 0 0, thegaseous fuel issues into the combustion-chamber B by the small pipes 01d (1, Figs. 1, 2, and 7. The air which is to burn the gaseous fuelenters at the bottom of the compartments 1' and u, and,

having risen to the upper extremity of those compartments, issues intothe combustionchamber by the wide flat pipe T, Fig. 1. It will be seenfrom Figs. 1 and 7 that the small pipes dd (1 pass through this wideflat pipe T, and that the small pipes cl (Z d are a little longer thanthe flat pipe T.

The pipe V, Fig. 2,is fixed to the main pipe, on which is the valve N.The pipe 0, Fig. 2,

is fixed to the movable regenerative burner. NVhen the movableregenerative burner is in the position in relation to the furnace properin which it is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the pipe C communicates with thepipe V at the point U, Fig. 2. The joint at U is one which can bereadily made and readily unmade.

From the combustion-chamber B products of combustion enter the narrowworkingchambersA A A A by the upper extremity of each of them. Aftertraversing these chambers downward they pass off by the four horizontalchannels a a a, a into the movable regenerative burner. Following thedirection of the arrows in Fig. 1,theyfirst pass upward through thefines Z Z Z, Figsrl and 2, and then travel downward, circulating roundthe rectangular cast-iron vertical pipes which have been described, andpassing between those rectangular pipes, and then passing off from theburner by the pipe P, Figs. 1 and 2, which conveys them to the flue G,Fig. 1. In thus passing downward through the movable burner they heatthe gaseous fuel which is passing upward through the compartments 0 andthe air which is passing upward through the compartments 2' and u.

The-pipe P, which is fixed, communicates with the flue by which productsof combustion pass off from the movable burner by the piece Q, the lowerpart of which fits into 'the upper part of the pipe P in such mannerthat the piece Q can be raised or lowered by the lever S.

It will be seen from Figs. 1 and 7 that the whole regenerative burner ismounted on wheels. When the burner is in the position in relation to thefurnace proper in which it is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the wheels of themovable regenerative burner stand on rails upon a truck, K K, Figs. 1,2, and 7. This truck also stands on rails. When the truck is drawn ashort distance from the furnace proper, the rails on the truck K becomein such a position in relation to other rails, one of which is shown atr, Fig. 1, that the burner can be transferred to those other rails anddrawn along them onto another truck installed opposite another furnace.Thus while oxychloride of magnesium is being heated in a current of airin one furnace the movable regenerative burner can be employed to heatup the working-chambers of another similar furnace.

The working of the apparatus will now be easily understood.

When the four working-chambers A A A A nace proper until the wheels ofthe burner are opposite the rails, one of lvhich is marked 7' in Fig. 1.The openings by which products of combustion have entered theworkingchambers must now be closed by the doors E E, Figs. 1 and 5, andthe opening by which those products of combustion have passed off fromthe working chambers must be closed by the doors F F F, Figs. 1, 5, and6. One door E and one door F suffice for the whole furnace, as will beseen as regards the doorF from Fig. 6. The doorsE and F are hung 011hinges, as will be understood from Fig. 1, and when they are in positionto close the openings to which they correspond they are pressed tightlyagainst their seats by screws, as shown in Figs. 5 and U. Theworklug-chambers A A A A have now to be charged with oxychloride ofmagnesium in small pieces from a tipwagon charged therewith, which hasbeen previously brought into position 011 the top of the furnace. Theoxychloride enters the working-chambers by the opening H H H, Figs. 1,3, and 5. The cover or door which closes this opening is seen in Figs],3, and 5, but is not marked with any letter. This cover having beenremoved, ahopper is brought over the opening H and oxychloride is thenpoured into the hopper, whence it falls into the workingchambers A.A AA. The door or cover of the opening H is then rapidly replaced, and airis then admitted into A A A A through apertures in the door E, whichapertures are not shown in the drawings. The oxychloride rapidly becomesheated by absorption of some of the heat previously stored up in thewalls of the chambers in which it is contained, and there passes oiffrom those chambers a mixture of gases and vapors containing both freechlorine and vapor of hydrochloric acid. This mixture of gases andvapors passes off from A A A A by the horizontal channels a a a a intothe va' cant space between the masonry of the furnace and the door F,which vacant space is seen in Fig. 6, and then passes by the channel Z,Figs. 2, 4, and 6, into the pipe m, Figs. 2, 3, i, and 0. From the pipeat the said mixture of gases andvapors is conveyed to apparatus forcondensing out of it its vapor of hydrochloric acid, and what passes offfrom that apparatus then goes onto apparatus for the absorption of itschlorine. The air which enters the chambers A A A A through apertures inthe door E may either be forced in under pressure or be drawn in bymeans of an aspirator. It is preferable that it should be drawn in bymeans of an aspirator, and that this aspirator should be placed afterthe chlorine-absorption apparatus.

lVhen the decomposition of the oxychloride has proceeded sufficientlyfar, the admission of air into the working-chambers must be arrested,the door-F must be opened, and the residual oxide contained in thechambers A A A A must then be discharged. That residual oxide is drawnout of the horizontal channels a a a a by means of a suitable rake. Ifneedbe, to facilitate the descent of the said residual oxide to thebottom of each chamber A A A A, a tool may be introduced into the upperextremities of those chambers by the opening II. \Vhen the residualoxide has been completely discharged, the cover of the opening H must bereplaced, and then, the

door E having been opened, the movable regenerative burner must bebrought back into the position in which it is shown in Fig. 1, and theworking-chambers of the furnace proper must then be heated up again foranother operation.

\Vhen the apparatus is not employed for heating oxychloride of magnesiumin a current of air, or for heating the material treated, whatever bethat material, in a current of gas or vapor, and when the materialtreated does not itself give off gas or vapor during the operation ofheating it, neitherholes in the door E nor the channel Z nor the pipe onwill be required.

Each working-chamber may be provided with a sight-hole capable ofbeing'opened and closed at will, through which the temperature of thecontents of the narrow working-chainbers may be observed. Such asight-hole is shown at y, Fig. 1.

The details of the apparatus thus described may be varied in many ways.For example, without departing from the principle of the apparatus abovedescribed, the number of working-chambers in that part of the apparatuswhich constitutes the furnace proper may be greater or less than four;that part of the apparatus maybe so disposed that the products ofcombustion entering the workingchambers may pass in at their lowerextremi ties and pass out at their upper extremities, the current of airor gas or vapor which afterward enters them doing the same; and the modeof charging the working-chambers, the method of discharging thosechambers, the method of closing the various openings in the furnace, andthe mode of constructing and working the movable regenerative burner mayall be varied from those above described. Moreover, the movable burnerneed not necessarily be a regenerator also, though it will usually bepreferable that it should be so.

What I claim is 1. In an apparatus for heating solid bodies out ofcontact with products of combustion of the fuel employed, thecombination of thenections for leading the heated air and gas or theproducts of combustion froni the burner to the furnace proper and backto the burner, substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus for heating solid bodies out of contact with theproducts of combustion of the fuel employed, the combination of afurnace proper, consisting of one or more narrow working-chambers havingthick walls,

the said chambers (when the apparatus contains more than one of them)not communicating with one another, but all communicating with a commoncombustion-chamber a movable burner for heating the narrow chambers, andconnections for leading the heated air and gas or the products ofcombustion from the burner to the furnace proper and back to the burner,substantially as described. 1

4E. The combination of the furnace having thick walls and narrowpassages or compartments connected at one "end with acommonsupply-chamber and having a discharge-opening at the opposite end, doorsfor closing said openings, a burner communicating with the entrance anddischarge openings and mounted on movable supports, whereby it may bewithdrawn from the furnace, the gassupply pipe, detachable connectionsbetween the gas-supply pipe and the burner; the airpipe, and detachableconnections between the air-pipe and the burner, substantially as setforth.

5. The combination of the furnace having thick walls and divided into aseries of narrow compartments communicating at one end with a commonsupply-chamber and at the opposite end with an exit-opening, the burnermovable toward and from the furnace and parallel therewith and dividedinto a series of compartments, the air-openings through which air issupplied to some ofthe compartments, a gas-pipe, connections between thegas-pipe and the burner, the flue, and connections between the burnerand the flue for carrying off the products of combustion after theirpassage through the furnace, substantially as set forth.

ALFRED RANGOD PECHINEY.

Witnesses: I

'lHos. BARBOUR, J. FoBIM.

